1. What are grains and grain boundaries in a material? I suggest you focus on metals. Explain how material properties are affected by the size of these grains.
A grain boundary is the interface between two grains, or crystallites, in a polycrystalline material. Grain boundaries are defects in the crystal structure, and tend to decrease the electrical and thermal conductivity of the material. The high interfacial energy and relatively weak bonding in most grain boundaries often makes them preferred sites for the onset of corrosion and for the precipitation of new phases from the solid. They are also important to many of the mechanisms of deformation. Reducing crystal size is a great way to increase strength between molecules
2. How does one engineer or process materials to reduce the grain size? In particular, I would like for you to explore and then explain how single crystal silicon is produced for the solar industry.
Grain size is often determined by the rate at which the material cooled during forming. If you can melt the material and then cool it rapidly, that would create small grains. Using methods to first purify the substance, could use extreme amounts of heat boiling out undesired, then rapidly cool it to berid of grains.
Dec 15, 2011
Dec 6, 2011
Blog post 13: Nano and Proteins
1. MALDI stands for Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization it is used for predicting polymer properties and morphology. http://www.psrc.usm.edu/mauritz/maldi.html
2. Microcystin LR: http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanotox/toxins/MCYSTLR.gif
Collagen: http://www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Collagen2.jpg
Hemoglobin: http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/confchem/2004/b/sinex-gage/hemoglobin_stick.gif
3. Microcystin LR: 200nm
Collagen: 300nm long 1.5nm in diameter
Hemoglobin: 600-900nm
4.Liquid proteins in protein synthesis http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn202290g
2. Microcystin LR: http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/cyanotox/toxins/MCYSTLR.gif
Collagen: http://www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Collagen2.jpg
Hemoglobin: http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/confchem/2004/b/sinex-gage/hemoglobin_stick.gif
3. Microcystin LR: 200nm
Collagen: 300nm long 1.5nm in diameter
Hemoglobin: 600-900nm
4.Liquid proteins in protein synthesis http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn202290g
Blog Post 12: Invention Background/references
1) Experimental investigation on explosion characteristics of nano-aluminum powder-air mixtures. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=8&hid=14&sid=a37d0fe5-da22-459b-a7cb-181918153175%40sessionmgr15&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=59596439
2) Preparation and Characterization of Nano-NTO Explosive.
3) Generation and characterization of nano aluminum powder obtained through wire explosion process.
4) Production and Characterization of Nano Copper Powder Using Pulsed Power Technique.
5) Solution combustion synthesis of nano particleLa<sub>0.9</sub>Sr<sub>0.1</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> powder by a unique oxidant-fuel combination and its characterization.
6) Structure, Thermal Properties, and Combustion Behavior of Plasma Synthesized Nano-Aluminum Powders.
7) Nano-Blast Synthesis of Nano-size CeO<sub>2</sub>–Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Powders.
8) Nano-MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powder synthesis by detonation of emulsionexplosive.
9) Dense-Phase Pneumatic Conveying Technology for Highly Explosive Metal Powders.
10) Ablation combustion of secondary powder explosives.
Nov 8, 2011
Blog post 11: Nano group
Topic: Nano Explosive powder
Members: Richard Hoverman, Kymble S, Bryant Hagen, Elliott C.
Finish research and complete poster before class on December 12th.
Members: Richard Hoverman, Kymble S, Bryant Hagen, Elliott C.
Finish research and complete poster before class on December 12th.
Blog Post 9: Nano project
Topic: Nano Explosive powder
Members: Richard Hoverman, Kymble S, Bryant Hagen, Elliott C.
Finish research and complete poster before class on December 12th.
Members: Richard Hoverman, Kymble S, Bryant Hagen, Elliott C.
Finish research and complete poster before class on December 12th.
Blog post 8: Nano applications
1: Car bumpers. Car bumpers today appear to be plastic, but instead are made of very strong Thermoplastic Olefins which are extremely durable to weather and physical contact.
http://www.plastics-car.com/bumpers
2: Sensodyne. Sensodyne is a toothpaste that when used binds to exposed nerve endings to calm the sensitivity of death. http://us.sensodyne.com/?google=e_&rotation=3859&banner=26253&kw=303114
3: Water proof fabric. Some shirts today are made out of material that is completely resistant to liquids. All liquids roll off and lack the ability to "soak in" removing the chance of stains. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproof_fabric
4: Nanoknife. A new method used to remove tumors completely curing cancer. http://www.inova.org/healthcare-services/cancer/specialty-cancer-programs/center-for-interventional-oncology/treatment-options/nanoknife
5: Technion alumni: have been making headlines by using nanotech to design one of the world’s most shock-resistant protective coatings five times the strength of steel - to protect troops and vehicles on the battlefield.
http://www.ats.org/site/PageServer?pagename=about_research_nano&s_src=googleadwords&s_subsrc=nanotechnology&gclid=CJTsmY7Np6wCFQUKKgodqkEE3w
6: Tennis Balls: Having a coating of clay on the inside so air cannot escape making them extremely durable.
http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/applications-of-nanotechnology/#axzz1d8c0HaUf
7: Golf Balls: Some golf balls use exceptional core technology and perforation of the outside to create the ideal range of a golf ball. http://www.titleist.com/golfballs/Prov1.aspx
8: Tape: Modern day touch screens and LCD screens are derivations of tape which give us the crystal clear images we see daily. http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/applications-of-nanotechnology/#axzz1d8c0HaUf
9: Tennis Rackets: Have the strength of steel and are extremely durable.
http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/applications-of-nanotechnology/#axzz1d8c0HaUf
10: Self cleaning glass: The sun activates nano particals in the glass cleaning the immediate surface.
http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/applications-of-nanotechnology/#axzz1d8c0HaUf
http://www.plastics-car.com/bumpers
2: Sensodyne. Sensodyne is a toothpaste that when used binds to exposed nerve endings to calm the sensitivity of death. http://us.sensodyne.com/?google=e_&rotation=3859&banner=26253&kw=303114
3: Water proof fabric. Some shirts today are made out of material that is completely resistant to liquids. All liquids roll off and lack the ability to "soak in" removing the chance of stains. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproof_fabric
4: Nanoknife. A new method used to remove tumors completely curing cancer. http://www.inova.org/healthcare-services/cancer/specialty-cancer-programs/center-for-interventional-oncology/treatment-options/nanoknife
5: Technion alumni: have been making headlines by using nanotech to design one of the world’s most shock-resistant protective coatings five times the strength of steel - to protect troops and vehicles on the battlefield.
http://www.ats.org/site/PageServer?pagename=about_research_nano&s_src=googleadwords&s_subsrc=nanotechnology&gclid=CJTsmY7Np6wCFQUKKgodqkEE3w
6: Tennis Balls: Having a coating of clay on the inside so air cannot escape making them extremely durable.
http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/applications-of-nanotechnology/#axzz1d8c0HaUf
7: Golf Balls: Some golf balls use exceptional core technology and perforation of the outside to create the ideal range of a golf ball. http://www.titleist.com/golfballs/Prov1.aspx
8: Tape: Modern day touch screens and LCD screens are derivations of tape which give us the crystal clear images we see daily. http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/applications-of-nanotechnology/#axzz1d8c0HaUf
9: Tennis Rackets: Have the strength of steel and are extremely durable.
http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/applications-of-nanotechnology/#axzz1d8c0HaUf
10: Self cleaning glass: The sun activates nano particals in the glass cleaning the immediate surface.
http://nanogloss.com/nanotechnology/applications-of-nanotechnology/#axzz1d8c0HaUf
Oct 11, 2011
Blog Post 7: Diffraction Experiment with Simulation
1. What is the 4 patterns printed on the slides? Somehow draw and post this pattern on your blog, and explain how you arrived at this pattern.
Our Distance from the light source (laser) to the wall is 1m
The first two squares showed dots in a horizontal pattern
The first one has a diffraction grating similar to this
Green dots are 1cm apart
Red dots are 1cm apart
While the second is similar to this
each green dot being 1.25cm apart
each red dot is 1.5cm
each green dot being 1.25cm apart
each red dot is 1.5cm
The third and fourth squares showed dots in a horizontal line
The first one the green dots were 1 cm apart
the red dots are 1cm apart
the red dots are 1cm apart
the square has a grated pattern like this
The second grated square showed green dots 1.25cm apart
and red dots 1.5cm apart
and red dots 1.5cm apart
With a grated pattern like this
2. Determine the distance between the line patterns, and how think the lines may be.
160nm and thickness of the lines is 60nm (roughly)
3. Setup the light wave simulator to simulate the patterns on the 35 mm slides. Grab a picture of these simulations and post them for each of your patterns.
Blog Post 6: Good Nano Websites
http://www.zyvex.com/nano/
http://www.nano.gov/
http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/nanotechnology-what-will-it-mean
http://www.merkle.com/papers/FAZ000911.html
http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/MITtecRvwSmlWrld/article.html
http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/nanotechAndMedicine.html
http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/bearingProof.html
http://www.nanotech-now.com/
http://www.foresight.org/nano/
http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/Nanotechnology/default.htm
http://www.nano.gov/
http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/nanotechnology-what-will-it-mean
http://www.merkle.com/papers/FAZ000911.html
http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/MITtecRvwSmlWrld/article.html
http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/nanotechAndMedicine.html
http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/bearingProof.html
http://www.nanotech-now.com/
http://www.foresight.org/nano/
http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/Nanotechnology/default.htm
Oct 4, 2011
Blog Post 5: Wave Interference Simulation Activities
1. Measure the wavelength of two drops of different amplitude, leave frequency constant.
Amplitude maxed out with a medium-low frequency: 2.96cm
Amplitude minimized with a medium-low frequency: 2.96cm
Amplitude minimized with a medium-low frequency: 2.96cm
2. Measure the wavelength of two drops with different frequency, leave amplitude constant.
Amplitude medium, frequency very low: 8.98cm
Amplitude medium, frequency high: .92cm
3. Explain your results.
We can conclude that wavelength is directly proportional to frequency, Wavelength = speed/frequency. Amplitude is not in this equation thus the amplitude plays no part in the wavelength.
4. Introduce a second faucet for the next set of questions.
- measure the wavelength of the two drips, in cm
The drops wavelengths are 2.56cm
Points A, B, C, D, E, F
- then measure distances from each drip to the 6 constructive interference points and report these values, cm
Faucet - A: 2.49 cm Faucet2 - A:2.49cm
Faucet - B: 2.11cm Faucet2 - B: 4.55cm
Faucet - C: 4.55cm Faucet2 - C: 2.11cm
Faucet - D: 4.55cm Faucet2 - D: 4.55cm
Faucet - E: 4.6cm Faucet2 - E: 6.5cm
Faucet - F: 6.5cm Faucet2 - F: 4.6cm
Faucet - A: 2.49 cm Faucet2 - A:2.49cm
Faucet - B: 2.11cm Faucet2 - B: 4.55cm
Faucet - C: 4.55cm Faucet2 - C: 2.11cm
Faucet - D: 4.55cm Faucet2 - D: 4.55cm
Faucet - E: 4.6cm Faucet2 - E: 6.5cm
Faucet - F: 6.5cm Faucet2 - F: 4.6cm
A-B:1.93 cm
A-C:1.93 cm
B-E:2.49 cm
C-F:2.49 cm
B-C:3.04 cm
A-C:1.93 cm
B-E:2.49 cm
C-F:2.49 cm
B-C:3.04 cm
E-F:4.72cm
- explain the observation you have on the distance comparisons to the constructive interference points to the wavelength of the water wave.
The distance between the waves increases as they move farther away from the source, this is because they are waves that disperse out from a center circular point instead of moving from one location like a direct beam of light. Distances between constructs seem to be growing at a rate of 1.5 per added water drop.
Blogpost 4: Wave Interference
Played with the simulator on
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/wave-interference
Learned some cool things bout sound, light, and water waves!
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/wave-interference
Learned some cool things bout sound, light, and water waves!
Sep 27, 2011
Blog Post 3: Waves
http://phet.colorado.edu/
2. fast frequency corresponds to low energy or high energy?
Higher frequency corresponds to high energy.
3. Determine the frequency of the provided wave(frequency 27, amplitude 50)in Hz?
.98hz
8. Describe the relationships between energy, frequency and wavelength. Include descriptions for relationships of all three.
The frequency and wavelength are all co dependent upon the amount of energy put out, if energy is put out at a faster, and more powerful rate the frequency will increase, decreasing the wavelength. If energy is less and at a slower rate the frequency decreases and the wavelength increases.
Simulations
Questions:
1. which takes more energy, slow up and down, or fast up and down?
Moving fast takes more energy.
Higher frequency corresponds to high energy.
3. Determine the frequency of the provided wave(frequency 27, amplitude 50)in Hz?
.98hz
4. Determine the frequency of the provided wave(frequency 100, amplitude 50) in Hz?
3.7hz
5. Determine the frequency of the provided wave(frequency 27and amplitude 100) in Hz.
.95hz
6. What is the wavelength of the provided wave(frequency 27, amplitude 50)in cm?
60cm
7. What is the wavelength of the provided wave(frequency 100, amplitude 50)in cm?
18cm
The frequency and wavelength are all co dependent upon the amount of energy put out, if energy is put out at a faster, and more powerful rate the frequency will increase, decreasing the wavelength. If energy is less and at a slower rate the frequency decreases and the wavelength increases.
Sep 20, 2011
Blog Post 2: Unit Cell of NaCl
Blue balls: Na
Clear balls: Cl
Clear balls: Cl
Na+ atoms have a width of .095 nm.
Blue balls are Na+ atoms thus equal to .095nm. in the model we have they are 1cm. With this model 1cm = .095nm.
Height, width, and length is .06m
In Angstroms: 6,000,000A
In nm: .4275 nm
In nm: .4275 nm
.31mg is mass of one cube NaCl
5.3E-6 moles per cube
Number of NaCl molecules per cube is 3.19E18
One side of the cube has 1472756 NaCl molecules
Meaning the dimensions of a cube of salt are 629603nm x 629603nm x 629603nm
Volume of a unit cell of NaCl is .055 nm^3
number of unit cells in a cube is 4.53E18
Blog Post 1: Description of 10 nm and a mole of atoms
A mole is specific number of a group of atoms, that number precisely is 602,300,000,000,000,000,000,000 when most look at that they just see 602 and a whole bunch of 0s. But how big is that? The planet earth contains 6,900,000,000 people, a small number in comparison. But such a large number that if we met a new person every single second we would take approximately 3 lives (219 years). Now the amount in a mole is equivalent to 8.7*10^13 planet earth's worth of people (87,000,000,000,000). The insane part is, you can hold a mole of atoms in the palm of your hand (depending on the element.)
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